2016-11-21

Implementar la función hash SHA-256 en R

Title

Problema

Deseamos calcular el valor encriptado hash SHA-256 para un vector. Al igual que hicimos en una entrada anterior con un rango de celdas en Excel.

Solución

Empleamos el paquete digest

library(digest)
v <- c("Felix", "Captain", "Normal", "Lloyd")
sapply(v, digest, algo = "sha256", serialize = FALSE)

Resultado

                                                             Felix 
"f6b6aad7a7690810466cb5288aea79c4eccd72d05bae7ab16be65bf9b3b6538e" 
                                                           Captain 
"2e786c488b83f8be6227bd1b9f3fcab07f0a54e31c228694c842752303351448" 
                                                            Normal 
"a7248eeb45eb1ce247f81693283e22e8b39e8a50890cecd22d02e75025547d90" 
                                                             Lloyd 
"99ce5e0b2a2d6b65936b323b6cb0dbcbb6f5518a9d3348612eaa965e43f185ce" 

Notas

Como se puede ver en el resultado, obtenemos un resultado idéntico al obtenido en la entrada de Excel. Para ello tenemos que especificar el argumento serialize = FALSE. Hemos empleado el algoritmo sha256, pero digest también nos permite usar los algoritmos: 'md5', 'sha-1', 'sha-256', 'crc32', 'xxhash' y 'murmurhash'.

Referencias

2016-11-16

Eliminar líneas en blanco con Notepad++

Title

Problema

Queremos eliminar las líneas en blanco con Notepad++.

Solución

  • TextFX
    1. Instalamos el plugin TextFX Characters: Plugins, Plugin Manager y Show Plugin Manager.
    2. Seleccionamos el texto, y en el menú TextFX, TextFX Edit y clic en Delete Blank Lines.
    3. Si elegimos la opción Delete Surplus Blank Lines, dejará un único salto de línea allá donde hubiera múltiples.

Resultado final

Entradas relacionadas

2016-11-07

Implementar la función hash SHA-256 en Excel

Title

Problema

Deseamos calcular el valor encriptado hash SHA-256 para un rango de celdas.

Solución

Implementaremos la función SHADD256:

  1. Abrimos el Editor de Microsoft Visual Basic: Alt+F11.
  2. Copiamos el siguiente código en un módulo.
  3. Public Function SHADD256(sMessage As String)
         
        Dim clsX As CSHA256
        Set clsX = New CSHA256
        SHADD256 = clsX.SHADD256(sMessage)
        Set clsX = Nothing
         
    End Function
    
  4. Copiamos el siguiente código en un módulo de clase, al que nombraremos CSHA256 (ver notas).
  5. '*******************************************************************************
    ' MODULE:       CSHA256
    ' FILENAME:     CSHA256.cls
    ' AUTHOR:       Phil Fresle
    ' CREATED:      10-Apr-2001
    ' COPYRIGHT:    Copyright 2001 Phil Fresle. All Rights Reserved.
    '
    ' DESCRIPTION:
    ' This class is used to generate a SHA-256 'digest' or 'signature' of a string.
    ' The SHA-256 algorithm is one of the industry standard methods for generating
    ' digital signatures. It is generically known as a digest, digital signature,
    ' one-way encryption, hash or checksum algorithm. A common use for SHA-256 is
    ' for password encryption as it is one-way in nature, that does not mean that
    ' your passwords are not free from a dictionary attack. If you are using the
    ' routine for passwords, you can make it a little more secure by concatenating
    ' some known random characters to the password before you generate the signature
    ' and on subsequent tests, so even if a hacker knows you are using SHA-256 for
    ' your passwords, the random characters will make it harder to dictionary attack.
    '
    ' *** CAUTION ***
    ' See the comment attached to the SHA256 method below regarding use on systems
    ' with different character sets.
    '
    ' This is 'free' software with the following restrictions:
    '
    ' You may not redistribute this code as a 'sample' or 'demo'. However, you are free
    ' to use the source code in your own code, but you may not claim that you created
    ' the sample code. It is expressly forbidden to sell or profit from this source code
    ' other than by the knowledge gained or the enhanced value added by your own code.
    '
    ' Use of this software is also done so at your own risk. The code is supplied as
    ' is without warranty or guarantee of any kind.
    '
    ' Should you wish to commission some derivative work based on this code provided
    ' here, or any consultancy work, please do not hesitate to contact us.
    '
    ' Web Site:  http://www.frez.co.uk
    ' E-mail:    sales@frez.co.uk
    '
    ' MODIFICATION HISTORY:
    ' 10-Apr-2001   Phil Fresle     Initial Version
    '*******************************************************************************
    Option Explicit
    
    Private m_lOnBits(30)   As Long
    Private m_l2Power(30)   As Long
    Private K(63)           As Long
    
    Private Const BITS_TO_A_BYTE  As Long = 8
    Private Const BYTES_TO_A_WORD As Long = 4
    Private Const BITS_TO_A_WORD  As Long = BYTES_TO_A_WORD * BITS_TO_A_BYTE
    
    '*******************************************************************************
    ' Class_Initialize (SUB)
    '*******************************************************************************
    Private Sub Class_Initialize()
        ' Could have done this with a loop calculating each value, but simply
        ' assigning the values is quicker - BITS SET FROM RIGHT
        m_lOnBits(0) = 1            ' 00000000000000000000000000000001
        m_lOnBits(1) = 3            ' 00000000000000000000000000000011
        m_lOnBits(2) = 7            ' 00000000000000000000000000000111
        m_lOnBits(3) = 15           ' 00000000000000000000000000001111
        m_lOnBits(4) = 31           ' 00000000000000000000000000011111
        m_lOnBits(5) = 63           ' 00000000000000000000000000111111
        m_lOnBits(6) = 127          ' 00000000000000000000000001111111
        m_lOnBits(7) = 255          ' 00000000000000000000000011111111
        m_lOnBits(8) = 511          ' 00000000000000000000000111111111
        m_lOnBits(9) = 1023         ' 00000000000000000000001111111111
        m_lOnBits(10) = 2047        ' 00000000000000000000011111111111
        m_lOnBits(11) = 4095        ' 00000000000000000000111111111111
        m_lOnBits(12) = 8191        ' 00000000000000000001111111111111
        m_lOnBits(13) = 16383       ' 00000000000000000011111111111111
        m_lOnBits(14) = 32767       ' 00000000000000000111111111111111
        m_lOnBits(15) = 65535       ' 00000000000000001111111111111111
        m_lOnBits(16) = 131071      ' 00000000000000011111111111111111
        m_lOnBits(17) = 262143      ' 00000000000000111111111111111111
        m_lOnBits(18) = 524287      ' 00000000000001111111111111111111
        m_lOnBits(19) = 1048575     ' 00000000000011111111111111111111
        m_lOnBits(20) = 2097151     ' 00000000000111111111111111111111
        m_lOnBits(21) = 4194303     ' 00000000001111111111111111111111
        m_lOnBits(22) = 8388607     ' 00000000011111111111111111111111
        m_lOnBits(23) = 16777215    ' 00000000111111111111111111111111
        m_lOnBits(24) = 33554431    ' 00000001111111111111111111111111
        m_lOnBits(25) = 67108863    ' 00000011111111111111111111111111
        m_lOnBits(26) = 134217727   ' 00000111111111111111111111111111
        m_lOnBits(27) = 268435455   ' 00001111111111111111111111111111
        m_lOnBits(28) = 536870911   ' 00011111111111111111111111111111
        m_lOnBits(29) = 1073741823  ' 00111111111111111111111111111111
        m_lOnBits(30) = 2147483647  ' 01111111111111111111111111111111
        
        ' Could have done this with a loop calculating each value, but simply
        ' assigning the values is quicker - POWERS OF 2
        m_l2Power(0) = 1            ' 00000000000000000000000000000001
        m_l2Power(1) = 2            ' 00000000000000000000000000000010
        m_l2Power(2) = 4            ' 00000000000000000000000000000100
        m_l2Power(3) = 8            ' 00000000000000000000000000001000
        m_l2Power(4) = 16           ' 00000000000000000000000000010000
        m_l2Power(5) = 32           ' 00000000000000000000000000100000
        m_l2Power(6) = 64           ' 00000000000000000000000001000000
        m_l2Power(7) = 128          ' 00000000000000000000000010000000
        m_l2Power(8) = 256          ' 00000000000000000000000100000000
        m_l2Power(9) = 512          ' 00000000000000000000001000000000
        m_l2Power(10) = 1024        ' 00000000000000000000010000000000
        m_l2Power(11) = 2048        ' 00000000000000000000100000000000
        m_l2Power(12) = 4096        ' 00000000000000000001000000000000
        m_l2Power(13) = 8192        ' 00000000000000000010000000000000
        m_l2Power(14) = 16384       ' 00000000000000000100000000000000
        m_l2Power(15) = 32768       ' 00000000000000001000000000000000
        m_l2Power(16) = 65536       ' 00000000000000010000000000000000
        m_l2Power(17) = 131072      ' 00000000000000100000000000000000
        m_l2Power(18) = 262144      ' 00000000000001000000000000000000
        m_l2Power(19) = 524288      ' 00000000000010000000000000000000
        m_l2Power(20) = 1048576     ' 00000000000100000000000000000000
        m_l2Power(21) = 2097152     ' 00000000001000000000000000000000
        m_l2Power(22) = 4194304     ' 00000000010000000000000000000000
        m_l2Power(23) = 8388608     ' 00000000100000000000000000000000
        m_l2Power(24) = 16777216    ' 00000001000000000000000000000000
        m_l2Power(25) = 33554432    ' 00000010000000000000000000000000
        m_l2Power(26) = 67108864    ' 00000100000000000000000000000000
        m_l2Power(27) = 134217728   ' 00001000000000000000000000000000
        m_l2Power(28) = 268435456   ' 00010000000000000000000000000000
        m_l2Power(29) = 536870912   ' 00100000000000000000000000000000
        m_l2Power(30) = 1073741824  ' 01000000000000000000000000000000
        
        ' Just put together the K array once
        K(0) = &H428A2F98
        K(1) = &H71374491
        K(2) = &HB5C0FBCF
        K(3) = &HE9B5DBA5
        K(4) = &H3956C25B
        K(5) = &H59F111F1
        K(6) = &H923F82A4
        K(7) = &HAB1C5ED5
        K(8) = &HD807AA98
        K(9) = &H12835B01
        K(10) = &H243185BE
        K(11) = &H550C7DC3
        K(12) = &H72BE5D74
        K(13) = &H80DEB1FE
        K(14) = &H9BDC06A7
        K(15) = &HC19BF174
        K(16) = &HE49B69C1
        K(17) = &HEFBE4786
        K(18) = &HFC19DC6
        K(19) = &H240CA1CC
        K(20) = &H2DE92C6F
        K(21) = &H4A7484AA
        K(22) = &H5CB0A9DC
        K(23) = &H76F988DA
        K(24) = &H983E5152
        K(25) = &HA831C66D
        K(26) = &HB00327C8
        K(27) = &HBF597FC7
        K(28) = &HC6E00BF3
        K(29) = &HD5A79147
        K(30) = &H6CA6351
        K(31) = &H14292967
        K(32) = &H27B70A85
        K(33) = &H2E1B2138
        K(34) = &H4D2C6DFC
        K(35) = &H53380D13
        K(36) = &H650A7354
        K(37) = &H766A0ABB
        K(38) = &H81C2C92E
        K(39) = &H92722C85
        K(40) = &HA2BFE8A1
        K(41) = &HA81A664B
        K(42) = &HC24B8B70
        K(43) = &HC76C51A3
        K(44) = &HD192E819
        K(45) = &HD6990624
        K(46) = &HF40E3585
        K(47) = &H106AA070
        K(48) = &H19A4C116
        K(49) = &H1E376C08
        K(50) = &H2748774C
        K(51) = &H34B0BCB5
        K(52) = &H391C0CB3
        K(53) = &H4ED8AA4A
        K(54) = &H5B9CCA4F
        K(55) = &H682E6FF3
        K(56) = &H748F82EE
        K(57) = &H78A5636F
        K(58) = &H84C87814
        K(59) = &H8CC70208
        K(60) = &H90BEFFFA
        K(61) = &HA4506CEB
        K(62) = &HBEF9A3F7
        K(63) = &HC67178F2
    End Sub
    
    '*******************************************************************************
    ' LShift (FUNCTION)
    '
    ' PARAMETERS:
    ' (In) - lValue     - Long    - The value to be shifted
    ' (In) - iShiftBits - Integer - The number of bits to shift the value by
    '
    ' RETURN VALUE:
    ' Long - The shifted long integer
    '
    ' DESCRIPTION:
    ' A left shift takes all the set binary bits and moves them left, in-filling
    ' with zeros in the vacated bits on the right. This function is equivalent to
    ' the << operator in Java and C++
    '*******************************************************************************
    Private Function LShift(ByVal lValue As Long, _
                            ByVal iShiftBits As Integer) As Long
        ' NOTE: If you can guarantee that the Shift parameter will be in the
        ' range 1 to 30 you can safely strip of this first nested if structure for
        ' speed.
        '
        ' A shift of zero is no shift at all.
        If iShiftBits = 0 Then
            LShift = lValue
            Exit Function
            
        ' A shift of 31 will result in the right most bit becoming the left most
        ' bit and all other bits being cleared
        ElseIf iShiftBits = 31 Then
            If lValue And 1 Then
                LShift = &H80000000
            Else
                LShift = 0
            End If
            Exit Function
            
        ' A shift of less than zero or more than 31 is undefined
        ElseIf iShiftBits < 0 Or iShiftBits > 31 Then
            Err.Raise 6
        End If
        
        ' If the left most bit that remains will end up in the negative bit
        ' position (&H80000000) we would end up with an overflow if we took the
        ' standard route. We need to strip the left most bit and add it back
        ' afterwards.
        If (lValue And m_l2Power(31 - iShiftBits)) Then
        
            ' (Value And OnBits(31 - (Shift + 1))) chops off the left most bits that
            ' we are shifting into, but also the left most bit we still want as this
            ' is going to end up in the negative bit marker position (&H80000000).
            ' After the multiplication/shift we Or the result with &H80000000 to
            ' turn the negative bit on.
            LShift = ((lValue And m_lOnBits(31 - (iShiftBits + 1))) * _
                m_l2Power(iShiftBits)) Or &H80000000
        
        Else
        
            ' (Value And OnBits(31-Shift)) chops off the left most bits that we are
            ' shifting into so we do not get an overflow error when we do the
            ' multiplication/shift
            LShift = ((lValue And m_lOnBits(31 - iShiftBits)) * _
                m_l2Power(iShiftBits))
            
        End If
    End Function
    
    '*******************************************************************************
    ' RShift (FUNCTION)
    '
    ' PARAMETERS:
    ' (In) - lValue     - Long    - The value to be shifted
    ' (In) - iShiftBits - Integer - The number of bits to shift the value by
    '
    ' RETURN VALUE:
    ' Long - The shifted long integer
    '
    ' DESCRIPTION:
    ' The right shift of an unsigned long integer involves shifting all the set bits
    ' to the right and in-filling on the left with zeros. This function is
    ' equivalent to the >>> operator in Java or the >> operator in C++ when used on
    ' an unsigned long.
    '*******************************************************************************
    Private Function RShift(ByVal lValue As Long, _
                            ByVal iShiftBits As Integer) As Long
        
        ' NOTE: If you can guarantee that the Shift parameter will be in the
        ' range 1 to 30 you can safely strip of this first nested if structure for
        ' speed.
        '
        ' A shift of zero is no shift at all
        If iShiftBits = 0 Then
            RShift = lValue
            Exit Function
            
        ' A shift of 31 will clear all bits and move the left most bit to the right
        ' most bit position
        ElseIf iShiftBits = 31 Then
            If lValue And &H80000000 Then
                RShift = 1
            Else
                RShift = 0
            End If
            Exit Function
            
        ' A shift of less than zero or more than 31 is undefined
        ElseIf iShiftBits < 0 Or iShiftBits > 31 Then
            Err.Raise 6
        End If
        
        ' We do not care about the top most bit or the final bit, the top most bit
        ' will be taken into account in the next stage, the final bit (whether it
        ' is an odd number or not) is being shifted into, so we do not give a jot
        ' about it
        RShift = (lValue And &H7FFFFFFE) \ m_l2Power(iShiftBits)
        
        ' If the top most bit (&H80000000) was set we need to do things differently
        ' as in a normal VB signed long integer the top most bit is used to indicate
        ' the sign of the number, when it is set it is a negative number, so just
        ' deviding by a factor of 2 as above would not work.
        ' NOTE: (lValue And  &H80000000) is equivalent to (lValue < 0), you could
        ' get a very marginal speed improvement by changing the test to (lValue < 0)
        If (lValue And &H80000000) Then
            ' We take the value computed so far, and then add the left most negative
            ' bit after it has been shifted to the right the appropriate number of
            ' places
            RShift = (RShift Or (&H40000000 \ m_l2Power(iShiftBits - 1)))
        End If
    End Function
    
    '*******************************************************************************
    ' AddUnsigned (FUNCTION)
    '
    ' PARAMETERS:
    ' (In) - lX - Long - First value
    ' (In) - lY - Long - Second value
    '
    ' RETURN VALUE:
    ' Long - Result
    '
    ' DESCRIPTION:
    ' Adds two potentially large unsigned numbers without overflowing
    '*******************************************************************************
    Private Function AddUnsigned(ByVal lX As Long, _
                                 ByVal lY As Long) As Long
        Dim lX4     As Long
        Dim lY4     As Long
        Dim lX8     As Long
        Dim lY8     As Long
        Dim lResult As Long
     
        lX8 = lX And &H80000000
        lY8 = lY And &H80000000
        lX4 = lX And &H40000000
        lY4 = lY And &H40000000
     
        lResult = (lX And &H3FFFFFFF) + (lY And &H3FFFFFFF)
     
        If lX4 And lY4 Then
            lResult = lResult Xor &H80000000 Xor lX8 Xor lY8
        ElseIf lX4 Or lY4 Then
            If lResult And &H40000000 Then
                lResult = lResult Xor &HC0000000 Xor lX8 Xor lY8
            Else
                lResult = lResult Xor &H40000000 Xor lX8 Xor lY8
            End If
        Else
            lResult = lResult Xor lX8 Xor lY8
        End If
     
        AddUnsigned = lResult
    End Function
    
    '*******************************************************************************
    ' Ch (FUNCTION)
    '
    ' DESCRIPTION:
    ' SHA-256 function
    '*******************************************************************************
    Private Function Ch(ByVal x As Long, _
                        ByVal y As Long, _
                        ByVal z As Long) As Long
        Ch = ((x And y) Xor ((Not x) And z))
    End Function
    
    '*******************************************************************************
    ' Maj (FUNCTION)
    '
    ' DESCRIPTION:
    ' SHA-256 function
    '*******************************************************************************
    Private Function Maj(ByVal x As Long, _
                         ByVal y As Long, _
                         ByVal z As Long) As Long
        Maj = ((x And y) Xor (x And z) Xor (y And z))
    End Function
    
    '*******************************************************************************
    ' S (FUNCTION)
    '
    ' DESCRIPTION:
    ' SHA-256 function (rotate right)
    '*******************************************************************************
    Private Function S(ByVal x As Long, _
                       ByVal n As Long) As Long
        S = (RShift(x, (n And m_lOnBits(4))) Or LShift(x, (32 - (n And m_lOnBits(4)))))
    End Function
    
    '*******************************************************************************
    ' R (FUNCTION)
    '
    ' DESCRIPTION:
    ' SHA-256 function (just a right shift)
    '*******************************************************************************
    Private Function R(ByVal x As Long, _
                       ByVal n As Long) As Long
        R = RShift(x, CInt(n And m_lOnBits(4)))
    End Function
    
    '*******************************************************************************
    ' Sigma0 (FUNCTION)
    '
    ' DESCRIPTION:
    ' SHA-256 function
    '*******************************************************************************
    Private Function Sigma0(ByVal x As Long) As Long
        Sigma0 = (S(x, 2) Xor S(x, 13) Xor S(x, 22))
    End Function
    
    '*******************************************************************************
    ' Sigma1 (FUNCTION)
    '
    ' DESCRIPTION:
    ' SHA-256 function
    '*******************************************************************************
    Private Function Sigma1(ByVal x As Long) As Long
        Sigma1 = (S(x, 6) Xor S(x, 11) Xor S(x, 25))
    End Function
    
    '*******************************************************************************
    ' Gamma0 (FUNCTION)
    '
    ' DESCRIPTION:
    ' SHA-256 function
    '*******************************************************************************
    Private Function Gamma0(ByVal x As Long) As Long
        Gamma0 = (S(x, 7) Xor S(x, 18) Xor R(x, 3))
    End Function
    
    '*******************************************************************************
    ' Gamma1 (FUNCTION)
    '
    ' DESCRIPTION:
    ' SHA-256 function
    '*******************************************************************************
    Private Function Gamma1(ByVal x As Long) As Long
        Gamma1 = (S(x, 17) Xor S(x, 19) Xor R(x, 10))
    End Function
    
    '*******************************************************************************
    ' ConvertToWordArray (FUNCTION)
    '
    ' PARAMETERS:
    ' (In/Out) - sMessage - String - String message
    '
    ' RETURN VALUE:
    ' Long() - Converted message as long array
    '
    ' DESCRIPTION:
    ' Takes the string message and puts it in a long array with padding according to
    ' the SHA-256 rules (similar to MD5 routine).
    '*******************************************************************************
    Private Function ConvertToWordArray(sMessage As String) As Long()
        Dim lMessageLength  As Long
        Dim lNumberOfWords  As Long
        Dim lWordArray()    As Long
        Dim lBytePosition   As Long
        Dim lByteCount      As Long
        Dim lWordCount      As Long
        Dim lByte           As Long
        
        Const MODULUS_BITS      As Long = 512
        Const CONGRUENT_BITS    As Long = 448
        
        lMessageLength = Len(sMessage)
        
        ' Get padded number of words. Message needs to be congruent to 448 bits,
        ' modulo 512 bits. If it is exactly congruent to 448 bits, modulo 512 bits
        ' it must still have another 512 bits added. 512 bits = 64 bytes
        ' (or 16 * 4 byte words), 448 bits = 56 bytes. This means lNumberOfWords must
        ' be a multiple of 16 (i.e. 16 * 4 (bytes) * 8 (bits))
        lNumberOfWords = (((lMessageLength + _
            ((MODULUS_BITS - CONGRUENT_BITS) \ BITS_TO_A_BYTE)) \ _
            (MODULUS_BITS \ BITS_TO_A_BYTE)) + 1) * _
            (MODULUS_BITS \ BITS_TO_A_WORD)
        ReDim lWordArray(lNumberOfWords - 1)
        
        ' Combine each block of 4 bytes (ascii code of character) into one long
        ' value and store in the message. The high-order (most significant) bit of
        ' each byte is listed first. However, unlike MD5 we put the high-order
        ' (most significant) byte first in each word.
        lBytePosition = 0
        lByteCount = 0
        Do Until lByteCount >= lMessageLength
            ' Each word is 4 bytes
            lWordCount = lByteCount \ BYTES_TO_A_WORD
            
            lBytePosition = (3 - (lByteCount Mod BYTES_TO_A_WORD)) * BITS_TO_A_BYTE
            
            ' NOTE: This is where we are using just the first byte of each unicode
            ' character, you may want to make the change here, or to the SHA256 method
            ' so it accepts a byte array.
            lByte = AscB(Mid(sMessage, lByteCount + 1, 1))
            
            lWordArray(lWordCount) = lWordArray(lWordCount) Or LShift(lByte, lBytePosition)
            lByteCount = lByteCount + 1
        Loop
    
        ' Terminate according to SHA-256 rules with a 1 bit, zeros and the length in
        ' bits stored in the last two words
        lWordCount = lByteCount \ BYTES_TO_A_WORD
        lBytePosition = (3 - (lByteCount Mod BYTES_TO_A_WORD)) * BITS_TO_A_BYTE
    
        ' Add a terminating 1 bit, all the rest of the bits to the end of the
        ' word array will default to zero
        lWordArray(lWordCount) = lWordArray(lWordCount) Or _
            LShift(&H80, lBytePosition)
    
        ' We put the length of the message in bits into the last two words, to get
        ' the length in bits we need to multiply by 8 (or left shift 3). This left
        ' shifted value is put in the last word. Any bits shifted off the left edge
        ' need to be put in the penultimate word, we can work out which bits by shifting
        ' right the length by 29 bits.
        lWordArray(lNumberOfWords - 1) = LShift(lMessageLength, 3)
        lWordArray(lNumberOfWords - 2) = RShift(lMessageLength, 29)
        
        ConvertToWordArray = lWordArray
    End Function
    
    '*******************************************************************************
    ' SHA256 (FUNCTION)
    '
    ' PARAMETERS:
    ' (In/Out) - sMessage - String - Message to digest
    '
    ' RETURN VALUE:
    ' String - The digest
    '
    ' DESCRIPTION:
    ' Takes a string and uses the SHA-256 digest to produce a signature for it.
    '
    ' NOTE: Due to the way in which the string is processed the routine assumes a
    ' single byte character set. VB passes unicode (2-byte) character strings, the
    ' ConvertToWordArray function uses on the first byte for each character. This
    ' has been done this way for ease of use, to make the routine truely portable
    ' you could accept a byte array instead, it would then be up to the calling
    ' routine to make sure that the byte array is generated from their string in
    ' a manner consistent with the string type.
    '*******************************************************************************
    Public Function SHADD256(sMessage As String) As String
        Dim HASH(7) As Long
        Dim M()     As Long
        Dim W(63)   As Long
        Dim a       As Long
        Dim b       As Long
        Dim c       As Long
        Dim d       As Long
        Dim e       As Long
        Dim f       As Long
        Dim g       As Long
        Dim h       As Long
        Dim i       As Long
        Dim j       As Long
        Dim T1      As Long
        Dim T2      As Long
        
        ' Initial hash values
        HASH(0) = &H6A09E667
        HASH(1) = &HBB67AE85
        HASH(2) = &H3C6EF372
        HASH(3) = &HA54FF53A
        HASH(4) = &H510E527F
        HASH(5) = &H9B05688C
        HASH(6) = &H1F83D9AB
        HASH(7) = &H5BE0CD19
        
        ' Preprocessing. Append padding bits and length and convert to words
        M = ConvertToWordArray(sMessage)
        
        ' Main loop
        For i = 0 To UBound(M) Step 16
            a = HASH(0)
            b = HASH(1)
            c = HASH(2)
            d = HASH(3)
            e = HASH(4)
            f = HASH(5)
            g = HASH(6)
            h = HASH(7)
            
            For j = 0 To 63
                If j < 16 Then
                    W(j) = M(j + i)
                Else
                    W(j) = AddUnsigned(AddUnsigned(AddUnsigned(Gamma1(W(j - 2)), _
                        W(j - 7)), Gamma0(W(j - 15))), W(j - 16))
                End If
                    
                T1 = AddUnsigned(AddUnsigned(AddUnsigned(AddUnsigned(h, Sigma1(e)), _
                    Ch(e, f, g)), K(j)), W(j))
                T2 = AddUnsigned(Sigma0(a), Maj(a, b, c))
                
                h = g
                g = f
                f = e
                e = AddUnsigned(d, T1)
                d = c
                c = b
                b = a
                a = AddUnsigned(T1, T2)
            Next
            
            HASH(0) = AddUnsigned(a, HASH(0))
            HASH(1) = AddUnsigned(b, HASH(1))
            HASH(2) = AddUnsigned(c, HASH(2))
            HASH(3) = AddUnsigned(d, HASH(3))
            HASH(4) = AddUnsigned(e, HASH(4))
            HASH(5) = AddUnsigned(f, HASH(5))
            HASH(6) = AddUnsigned(g, HASH(6))
            HASH(7) = AddUnsigned(h, HASH(7))
        Next
        
        ' Output the 256 bit digest
        SHADD256 = LCase(Right("00000000" & Hex(HASH(0)), 8) & _
            Right("00000000" & Hex(HASH(1)), 8) & _
            Right("00000000" & Hex(HASH(2)), 8) & _
            Right("00000000" & Hex(HASH(3)), 8) & _
            Right("00000000" & Hex(HASH(4)), 8) & _
            Right("00000000" & Hex(HASH(5)), 8) & _
            Right("00000000" & Hex(HASH(6)), 8) & _
            Right("00000000" & Hex(HASH(7)), 8))
    End Function
    
    
    
    

  6. Utilizamos la función SHADD256 en la celda deseada.
  7. =SHADD256(A2)
    'f6b6aad7a7690810466cb5288aea79c4eccd72d05bae7ab16be65bf9b3b6538e
    

Notas

Debemos utilizar el mismo nombre del módulo de base que el empleado en el módulo para nombrar a clsX o generará un error

Referencias

2016-11-01

Desactivar IMPORTARDATOSDINAMICOS como referencia a tablas dinámicas

Title

Problema

Queremos desactivar la función IMPORTARDATOSDINAMICOS como referencia a celdas de tablas dinámicas. Es decir, que cada vez que referenciamos una celda de una tabla dinámica utilice el valor de la celda y no dicha fórmula.

En el ejemplo anterior en lugar de

=IMPORTARDATOSDINAMICOS("Número",$F$3,"Día",1)

debería simplemente aparecer

=G4

Solución

  1. Clic en cualquier celda de la tabla dinámica para mostrar las herramientas de tabla dinámica en la cinta de opciones.
  2. En la pestaña Analizar clic en Tabla dinámica, clic en opciones y desactivamos la opción Generar GetPivotTable.
  • Opciones de Excel
  • También es posible desactivar dicha opción en Opciones de Excel, dentro de la sección Trabajo con fórmulas.

    Entradas relacionadas

    Nube de datos